Method of making fittings



Aug. 8, 1950 J. N. PAQUIN METHOD OF MAKING FITTINGS Original Filed April 27, 1943 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 IN V EN TOR. JOSE-PH NORMAN PRQWN.

ATTDE. EYs.

Aug. 8, 1950 J. N; PAQUIN METHOD OF MAKING FITTINGS Original Filed April 27, 1943 S'Sheets-Shet 2 INVENTOR. JOSH-W1 NOQMAN PAQUIN ATTORNEY5 Patented Aug. 8, 1950 Joseph NormanPaquin, Euclid,,Ohio, assignor to t i The Weatherhead Qpmpany, Cleveland, Ohio, a

corporation of Ohio Original applicationi ipril 27 1943, Serial No. 484,731. Divided and this application January 24, ieiaseriamo. 643.110

1 l i i This invention relates to hose end fittingsand more particularly to the type, called ,q iiclr at v tachable, that is, the type in which the fitting. may be attached to or removed from the end of a rubber or other flexible hose, manually or with the aid of manually wielded tools such as hand. wrenches. Although my invention is particu larly adapted to fittingsof this type, one or more features, methods or oombinationshereof tobe presently and more fully described aretnot lack} ing in utility and advantage in fittings. of, the more permanent, type as distinguished from the so-called quick attachable type. t This is a division of my copending; application, Serial Number 484,731, entitled Fittingf, and filed April 27, 1943, now Patent No; 2,420,617, issued May 13, 1947., a i It is among the objects of my invention, to pro-. vide a fitting for the end of a flexible hose such as a combined rubber, plastic or synthetic rubs ber and/or fabric or wire braid reinforced, hose which can be readily and. repeatedly attached to and removed from the hose end without impairing its utility or efiiciency, and which will endure high fluid pressures and great rnechanical stresses. Another object is to provide afitting that will be useful in a wide range of sizes and will accommodate substantial. deviations from. the original or expected or intended size. of

the hoses to which it is to be attached and. se-

cured. Hoses with. which my fitting may be employed differ in their composition, structure, reinforcements, coverings and the dike and it is among the objects of my invention to provide a hose end fitting which isyadaptable to: engage and perform its duties and functions with awide variety of different types of flexible hoses; tubes and conduits.

One of the problems with which this art has been long confronted is that of providing a hose end fitting which in its attachment to a hose does not increase the resistance to the fiow of fluid through the hose and the fitting or either of them or the assembly thereof. It is among the objects of my invention to. provide, a fitting which when assembled with the hose andsecured thereto in its operative relation will afiord but a minimum line loss orfiuid pressure drop to the fluid flowing through the assembled and coupled members.

Another problem longstanding in the art presents itself in the form of the means required to affect theattachment of the so-called quick attachable fitting to the end of the hose, Various of the so-called quick attachable fittmgs have oi mslf (cres -15"!) 2 required the use of separate fixtures, ,mandrels, wrenches, jigs and tools. Itis among the ob- J'ectsof my invention to provide a. hose and fitting which is more truely quick attachable in the sense that the parts may be readily assembled and satisfactorily connected with. ordinary wrenches or simple hand tools and without spe: cial equipment, fixtures, mandrels and the like. ,IAnother problem in the art results from, in the multiplicity of loosely associated parts i or portions of the fittingstructure particularly in fittings of the segmental typein that often each of the several segments has been entirely free ordisconnected from each of; the other segments other than when engaged, in gripping the hose. This type of fitting presentsthe difllculty of the lossor misplacement of parts and the especial awkwardness of assembling the parts in the right relation one to. the other. It among the objects ct my invention to avoid such hazards.

Another problem, to the solution of which my invention is. addressed is that of economy of time, cost. and material both in the manufacture ofthe fitting and. in its finished form in relation to its ultimate strength with respect to the hy-, draulic and mechanical loads imposed upon it. Another object is to provide a fitting which will be economical of hose, both in respect to. the wear and tear on the hose and. in respect to the sizeand cost of thehose. Other objectsinclude the provision of methods or processes of. manufacture of the fitting for carrying out the above objects and for effecting various of the savings. and. advantages presently towappear. i l

, These and other objects will become more fully apparent from the following description of a preferred and certain modified forms of my inyentiomreference beingthad to the accompanying. drawing in which:

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section taken through theiassembled hose end, and fitting, in which the fitting isof the swivel end type. i Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section through an assembly of the body or sleeve of the fitting with the nipple thereof and associated parts'in position ready to receive the hose end and prior to engagement therewith.

Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section through the in ternally threaded nut part of the fitting. 4 is a. prospective view of the, fittingand hose end with wrenches shown in engaging relation to the parts during the time, of gripping the hose end: in the fitting. Fig.5 is a longitudinal section or an. externally modified form of body member in a stage of its manufacture appropriate to both forms prior to the enlargement of the hose gripping parts or segments.

Fig. 6 is a transverse section taken along the lines 6-25: oft-Figff Fig. 7 is a longitudinal section illustrating a step in the method of expanding the hose gripping parts or segments.

Fig. 8 shows a further step in the expansion and forming of the body part of the fitting.

Fig. 9 is a longitudinal section of the fitting parts shown in Figs. 5 to 8 in the absence of the hose to be coupled in the initial relation of assembly for gripping action.

Fig. 10 is a transverse section taken along the line llll0 of Fig. 9.

Fig. 11 is a transverse section taken along the line I I of Fig. 9.

Fig. 12 illustrates in 'a fragmentary enlarged view the forward'i'or entering end of the nipple or standpipe in an initial stage of its manufacture, and Fig. 13 illustrates similarly the nipple in its finished form. ,7 v

Inthe drawings, compare Figs. 2, 3 and 9, I

have illustrated two forms each of which embody my. invention in thejsame way, and differ merely in extrinsic or collateral matters. The form in Figs. 2: and 3 hasfas shown at the left of Fig. 2, a female swivel fitting for attachment to a comp1ementary device, and the form of Fig. 9 includesasimple male thread and S A. E. terminus for a similar purpose. My invention or inventions are essentially. concerned with the parts which coactlwith or engage the hose end and in ther nethods of making those parts. .As shown in Figs. land 4 my fitting comprises a body 'or sleeve B engaging the end of the hose I-I exteriorly, anutN encompassing the body, and a standpipe ornipple P engaging the end of the hoseH interiorly. In the form of Figs, 1 and 2 thebody B is conveniently threaded onto the nipple P as at Lin firm engagement therewith, and the left end of the nipple as viewed in Fig. 2 supports and comprises the swivel fitting mentioned above with which th'e instant inventions are not per se concerned. In the form of Fig. 9 the body B conveniently includes as an integral part the externally threaded part shown at the left of the figure with which we arenot concerned except-insofar as fthebody adjacent this part receives the end of the nipple, preferably in a brazed fiuidti'ght fit as at 2.

In all the forms illustrated, the body B of Figs. 1,2 and l and the body B of Figs. 5, 9 etc. compriseessentially a head preferably of noncircular, such as hexagonal form, see Fig. 6, from which extend longitudinally disposed segments 4 preferably formed integrally, or. joined to and acting integrally, with the head 3, and joined thereto as at 5. As shown in'FigsA, 6 and 10 the segments are separated one from ,the other by longitudinal slots, 6. preferably extending substantially all the way from the open end of the bodies B and B to the head 3. For reasons presently to be described andasshown best in Fig. 4, I prefer that the slots 6 be located to lie in planes which intersect the middle of the flats of the hex. I prefer also as shown i -Fig. 4 that the segments be equal in number to the numberof polygonal faces of theheadBL I prefer. alsothat the number of .may have relative ,,freedom of movement.

' Taking the hexagonal "form of the bo y s l 4 lustrative, I take a length of hexagonal stock equalling substantially the length of the bodies B or B, which preferably corresponds to the size and shape of the head 3 in its external form as shown in Fig. 6. Thereafter a central cavity 1, see Fig. 5, is drilled or'bored out and. a central coaxial bore 1 of smaller diameter is extended into the head 3, the latter to be left in the form of Fig. 5 and receive the end of the nipple as shown in Fig. 9, or to be threaded to receive the end of the nipple as shown in Fig. 9, or to be threaded to receive the corresponding part of the nipple as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. After forming the bore 1 the same may be threaded internally, preferably with flat shallow type threads 8 of substantially constant diameter for the larger portion of the depth of the bore except where the threads naturally run out as at 9 and except where the surface to be threaded is tapered or chamfered outwardly near the open end of the bore as at "Ill. Although I prefer to provide internal threads as at 8 as just mentioned, I have found in practice that the fitting if left unthreaded internally will give satisfactory results, particularly where the external surface of the hose to be gripped thereby is rubber or rubber-like in its consistency. The external surfaces of the body are turned or formed as at H to produce a neck portion l2, see Fig; 5', of reduced thickness. The remaining outer ex ternal portions of the body are threaded with external tapering threads 13 which tend to run out on the flats of the hex as at [4, see also Fig. 5, but are at full depth for a greater distance in the zone of the peaks of the hex as at l5, see also Fig. 4. These external threads l3 are tapered preferably at an angle from about 4 to 7 from the axis of the body, increasing in diameter away from the open end thereof. Preferably these threads are formed with the sloping walls thereof including an angle of about to afford flatter areas to support radial pressures incident to gripping the hose, reduce friction and save wall thickness both in the nut and body parts. The angle of taper of the threads I3 is preferably selected with regard to the character and wall thickness of the hose end to be gripped; thinner and harder walls being more advantageously gripped with a flatter taper in the threads [3, and softer and thicker walls tending to react more favorably to a steeper taper.

After the bodies have been threaded internally and externally and otherwise formed as above described, I then as a next step-ina preferred order of operationcut the slots 6, see Figs. 4 and 6, thereby bringing about the relative independence of each of the segments -4 from the other, except as the same are joined to the head 3 through the correspondingly severed portions of the neck l2. As shown particularly in Fig. 5 each of the segments 4 comprises a main threaded portion of increasing thickness from the open end of the body and the neck portion l2.

At this stage in the formation of the bodies B and B, the formation of which may be carried out by identical steps as above described and as about to be described, the internal diameter of the bore 1 is preferably considerably smaller than the external diameter of the hose H which is intended to be gripped. Thus I have employed stock of smaller size for the instant purpose than is otherwise taught in the art, and I have con-- sequently threaded and machined smaller surfaces on the smaller diameters in the smaller size stock all saving time, material, tools, scrap and armres the like. Since the hoseis to be received within] the segmental parts of the body 13 next-proceed to enlarge those parts radially, compare Fig: 6

and Fig'. 10, to open up thesegmcntal part of the body to its desired size and to the-form;

presently to be described. a

Referring now more particularly to Flgs. l and 8, I take the body, either B or B'qthe body 3 here being particularly illustrated, and place the head 3 in the counterbored portion 2.0 of a The die member 21 also has' splitfemale die 2!. i V a shoulder, preferably rounded in -tlie' radial plane as viewed in Fig. 'las; at 25 againstwhichthe shoulder 26 formed by the outer ends or the necks I 2 are ultimately 'forced 'into 'contactl as seenin Fig. 8. After the body is located in the female die above described a punch or male die member 30' having a suitably rounded nose is forcibly caused to enter the-open end of the body" among the theretofore severed 'segments there of, expanding the segments during its: inward" passage toward the head of the body as shown in Fig. '7. Initial movement of the puncn ao into the body causes the segments 4 to be splayed outwardly as shown, and continued motion of the punch 30 into the neck portions l2 of tne segments 4 brings the nose ofthe. punch intoforci- 1 ble contact with the necks l2 causingthem to be stretched and curved-abruptly as shown inuFig. 8" by virtue of the contact between thefinose thefnecks It to swing the segments l back to the position shown in Fig. 8 in which the threaded portions of the: segments are returned to positions substantially parallel to theaxis of the body as-shown in Figs. 2, 8 and 9, butispaced' farther apart from each other both diametrically and circumferentially. Asa result of this expansion' of the segmental parts of the body the internal diameter of the segmental zone thereof is increased, compare Figs. 6 and 10, to receive a hose whose external diameter is larger than the original diameter of the bore T as shown in Fig. 5;

In the bodies formedas above described it will be seen that each of the segments l is attached to the head 3 through the neck portions 12 of reduced radial thickness and is relatively free to be swung inwardly into compression upon the outer surfaces of the hose to becoupled, each segment swinging on the neck portions [-2, the

neck portions acting more or less like strap hinges; or links pivoting in oppositedirections about spaced axes or zones, for the several seg- Each of the neck portionshowever has ments. the full arcuate or circumferentialwidth of the segments and thus resistshinge-like movement of the segments relative tothe head circumferentially, whereby the segments are relatively free to move radially butare restrained in their circumferential movement. The body as awhole is: thus strong intorsion to take the loads imposed;- upon it under the influence of such instrumentali ties as the wrenches illustrated in Fig.4. The neck-like portions I2 also are stout enough,

however, to take a fullshare of the strains of tension, compression, bending and shear developed in either the gripping ofthe hose orthe' use of the assembled product, and are able to stand up under repeated attachmentsand detachments to and from hose ends. i

In the bodies as thus far described the necks 12 would be of arcuate configuration in transverse cross-section, asviewedin Fig; 6. for exam ple, ifthe nose ofthepunch 30and the shoulders" 3( of the punch 30 withrthe necks' I2 inwardly of the shoulder 25. Thisforceand motioncause's- 2 For l the die member 21' what more flexibility to facilitate repeated hinge-e like motion of the-segments radially: inwardaandi outwardtoward and from the. axis ofthe body without jeopardy of fracture. Similarly thenum berysizadepth and degree, of curvature of'tho necks l2 will enter intostifinessiofr the necks, and

myfteaching is torso construct the necks as to preservethe 'strapuhinge flexibility above. menticned and permit: satisfactory easeof radial; movement of the segments as distinguished from arcuate'movemeht at leastpnder the influence of the nut N. Preferably the flattening ofythcr mid portions of the necks as shown in Fig, 131w is accomplished by the use of a faceted punch,

ormale die w having facetsilla and 3flbinterrsectingin spaced hexagonal lines 38c enteringma' complementarily formed female die 2|, the former entering the neck-like portions of the segments and the latter supporting the external.-

ly opposite portions thereof to giveithe midportions of the necks the relatively straight: trans verseconfiguration as shown at 3| in Fig; 1

The threaded portions of the segments 4 were: as described above inreference to Figs. 51 and 61 formed with the radii of the threads correspond ing to the taps and dies conforming to the initial smaller diameters; been expanded: i. e., separated from each other:

in the steps of Figs "7, and 8, the radii of the. threads in each segment will be smallerthan the radii of the circlesthat touch-correspondinghigh Since the high: points,

pointsof each segment. i. e., mid portions of the threads on eachlofthc,

expanded and separated segments lie in arcs of circlesof greater radius than the arcs. of the segments andsegmental threads as shown in;

Fig. 10, the transverseends of the threads on each-segment as at 33 and 34 lie radially inward, from the mid portions of the threads, of each segment and, tend to stay out of contact with, the threads of the nut N as the nutadvances over.

Thus the ends on thethreads of the segments are restrained from,

the threads of the segments.

scoring the threads of the nut.

To facilitate the entry of the hose into thev segmentalkportionsof the body, I prefer to round or smooth off the inner corners of minimum radiiof each of the segmentsas at 32. This is preferred so that the hose will not tend to be? scored or scratched on its external surfaces duf ing entry to or removal from the body.

The nut N see Figs. 1, 8, 9 and 10 may convenientlyhave an externally hexagonal configuration o'r other polygonal or noncircular external form as shown, and is preferably of the length substantially conforming to the length of the external threaded parts of the segments 4. Internallythe nut is threaded with a tapered thread tapering preferably about 1" steeper than the taper of the complementary threads of the segments. The internal threads of the nut are complementary to the threads of the segments preferably having substantially the same form and lead, and the'pitch diameters corresponding to the pitch diameters of the outermost portions; 1. e., high points, of the threads of the segments midway betweenthe points 33 and 34 seeFig. -10

After thesegments have:

The greatest pitch diameters of the threads .of

the nut are such as to engage the first few threads of the segments in their expanded form, see Fig. 9; and then as the nut is advanced over the segments, the segments are forced to move radially inward so that for normal or median size hose ends the movement of the nut over the segments will effect the desired compression of the hose when substantially all of the threads of the nut and the segments are fully engaged as shown in Fig. 1. Departures in tolerances from normal hose sizes merely cause the nut to come home on the segments a turn or so more or'less fromthe positions shown in Fig. 1.

As the nut advances on the segments, compressing the hose end, the segments are moved inward radially, as distinguished from arcuately, and the slots -6 between the segments are narrowed and the transverse curvature of the segments against approaches the curvature of the circles'o-f progressively smaller diameter in whichthey are forced to lie. This means that greater threaded bearing areas are produced between the threa'dsof the nut and the threads of the segments. as the load and pressure between those threads is increased and as the hose end is compressed so that the cooperating part tend to be self-compensating in their assumption of load while the grip upon the hose is increased.

The inner corners 32 of each of the segments firstengage the outer surface of the hose as the segments are forced inwardly by the nut, and tend 'to press into' that surface along axially extending parallel lines or grooves. In this way, the segment tend to sustain themselves in axial alignment, being restrained from moving into helical relation to the axis of the coupling under the torsional influence of the nut. This tends to relieve the necks of torsional strain and permits the development of a strong grip on the hose without sacrifice of the desired hinge-like flexibility of the necks I2 in their support of the segments for rela-' tively free movement toward and away from the axis of the fitting. The ease with which the segments may move radially, except as resisted by compression of the hose, taken with the flatness of the external threads l3 and the corresponding flatness of the threads in the nut N, permits the nut to be snapped onto the first thread or so of the segments aiding the speed of assembly of the parts. This springiness of the segments with the flattened threads reduces the difiiculties of cross threading since any cross-threaded'part is relatively free to yield and snap back into its proper relation.

.JAs shown, the fitting as a whole includes a I nipple entering the interior of the end of the hose tosupport the walls while the exterior is exposed to the compression of the inward movement of the segments 4, Various forms of nipples known inthe art would have utility in combination with the nut and body above described, so long as they didnot materially detract from the functions and mode of operation ofthe nut and body, but for reasons presently to appear, I prefer to employ the nipple-P hereinafter particularly described togain the best results now known to me.

.In fitting of the quick attachable and other types it has been common practice to make the outside diameter of the nipple enough greater than the inside diameter of the hose to cause the walls of the hose to be stretched materially and correspondingly reduced in wall thickness whereby to lessen relatively the burden of gripping force and movement of the outer grippingmeansincident; to attaching-the fitting to the hose ;end. The present state andtrend of the art contemplates the use of flexible rubber-like or rubber hoses of much tougher material, greater wall thickness, reinforcements and otherwise to withstand high mechanical and; hydraulic pressures and stresses. It thus becomes disadvantageous,

ifnot impracticable, toforce the hose end over a nipple of relatively large outside diameterbyordinary human hands or simple manualmeans; Moreover, even if the modern high pressure hose endswere forced over nipples of great exterior diameter, relative to the inside diameter of the hose, there would bea correspondingly great tendencyto roll up or crowd in front of the open end of the nipple an inwardly extending annular wave or ring of the rubber or rubber-like lining of'the interior of the hose. In extreme cases this might completely or substantially obstruct the passage. It is of course possible-as the art has often taught to reduce the outside diameter of the nipple at the expense of the inside diameter'and while this tends to relieve the difficulty of rolling up a constriction in the lining of the hose, the,

reduced interior diameter of the nipple itself affords anundesirable-restriction to'the flow of fluid through the assembly of hose end fitting.

To avoid these difficulties I have provided the nipple P, which as shown particularly in Fig, 1, extends into the inside of the hose H withits inner end substantially in the radial plane of the ends of the segments 4, and has the major portions of i its interior diameter substantially equal'tothe interior diameterof the hose, The wallsof the nipple that lie within the hose are as thin as practicable considering the strength of the ma terial employed, whether for. example, steel on the one hand or aluminum on the other, to fairly support the compressive and other forces exerted thereuponthrough the walls of the hose while the hose is gripped by the segments 4 and otherwise stressed in use. Externally the nipple is preferably threaded as at 40 with small shallow round top and bottom V threads from a point near the end thereof back to about the zone of the necks [2 of the body. I prefer to employ quadruple or other suitable multiple threads on the exterior or the nipple when the interior of the segments are threaded so that the lead thereof will be substantially the same as the lead of the. interior threads 8 of the segments 4, and/or tofacilitate rapid-longitudinal motion of the hose relative the nipple per turn of the hose during assembly, In this wa when the hose is forced, i. e., screwed, into thefitting it is carried forward by rotation relative to the nipple and body of the fitting in the same way. The nose of the nipple as shown in its finished form in Figs. 11 and 13 is bluntly rounded, and the extreme open end thereof is reduced in diameter to the extent that its minimum outside diameter is substantially the same as the inside diameter of the hose it is intended toenter.

As shown in Figs. 12 and 13 the parts entering the end of the hose are preferably first formed as shown in Fig, 12 with the exterior surface threaded as above described and preferably tapered from about the point 4| where the threads begin" at full depth to about the point 42 where the threads tend to run out leaving a smooth surface 43 between the forwardmost partial thread and the extreme front end of the nipple. The extreme front end of the nipple is rounded as at 44. Internally the front end may have a straight bore, or a slight outward chamfer', not.

opiates shown, as at 45; i Thereafter the front or open end ofuthe nipple comprising the smoothlouter .surface 43, along with the rounded end 44 :and l the inner surface 45, is spun orcrimped inwardly,

see Fig; 13, to curve theexterior surface 43to the formshown at 43 and to modify the mnerSurface 45 to the curve 45' as shown in Fig.13. During thisoperation the end 44 is correspondingly such that the distance from point 42 to thee:-

treme end 44 is about /211. The constriction at the end of the nipple within the: surface '45 is only a small fraction of the inside diameter of the nipple, that is, the minimum diameter of the annular surface 45 where it joins the rounded end 44, may be of the order from about 90 to 95% of the full insidediameter d of the nipple depending in part on the size of -thehose, its wall thickness and the relative fluidity of the material of the lining of the hose.

1 As shown in Figs. 1,2 and 9, I prefer that the end 44 of the nipple P lie in substantially the "radial plane of the open end of the body B, i. e., radially opposite theends of the segments 4. I

have found that the nipple of such length is long enough to enter thehose handily and is short enough to permit the inside surface of the hose to bulge inwardly a little as at 50, and 52, see

Figs. 1 and 13 in response to the squeeze of the segments 4 thereupon :as the nut induces their grip upon the outer surface of the hose end. Whether the inward annular bulge of the inner surface of the hose be as much as indicated. at 5f, or as little as indicated at52, or therebetween as indicated at 50, the form of this bulge tends to complement the adjacent surfaces and of the nipple, giving a rounded Venturi-like configuration to the conjoint surfaces 45 and, or 5i or 52, with the result thatline friction losses are very small at this point, ,Since the internal diameter d of the nipple is substantially .equalito the inside diameter of the hose, linerlosses incurred from small inside diameter nipples are avoided, and the result is that the net fluid pressure drop in and incident to the fitting is held within very small amounts,

Because the segments 4 of my fitting may be expanded outwardly substantially as far as may be desired while receiving the hose, the hose is not externally restrained against the modest expansion thereof which is required as the nipple is forced thereinto. Similarly because of the great facility of radial movement obtainable in the segments 4 as constructed in the body of my fitting substantially all the desired gripping action may be had upon the inward and relatively large movement of the segments under the influence of the nut N. In rounding the end of the nipple and making it relatively blunt in contrast to the knife edge formations commonly found in nipples oi the prior art there is no tendency for the end of the nipple to score or cut or get a cutting grip on the interior surface of the hose.

In Figs. 12 and 13 I have illustrated merely portions of the nipple which extend within the end of the hose. The more rearward portions of the nipple, whether in the form shown in Figs. 1 and 2 on the one hand, or Fig. 9 on the other hand in their relation to and attachment with the body B are capable of taking various desirable forms without m difying or impairing the ,obiectsand advantages of the parts here particularly discussed. .A widerange of choiceof ma- :terials is open for use in my invention; such a combination as a steel nipple with an aluminum alloy bodywould illustratea desirable choice.

In choosing the exact length of the nipple relative to the length of the body it will be understood that this relation maybe advantageously modified Within reasonable limits, having in mind, for example, that where the lining of the hose is relatively thickand soft andthe tendencyiofthe hoseto bulge inwardly is great thatthe nipple may belengthened relative to the length of the body, preferably enough to keep the bulge from substantially exceeding the contouril as shown in Fig. ,13. Similarly for harder and thinner linings the nipplemay be advantageously shortened axlittle so as to bring about abulge, preferablyno smaller than thatshown at 52. In all events the bluntly rounded end of the nipple with the, large ,internal diameter relative to the insideldiameter of thehose permits ready assembly of the parts, reduces line losses to a minimum, requires but littlezexpansion of the hose during, assembly, and preserves the inside surface of thehose against cutting or ruptures. 3.

Heretofore it, has been common practice to em- 1 ploy fittings in which the :inside diameter ofthe "nipple was smaller than the inside diameter of 3O the hosebut correspondedlroughly to the inside diameterof the tubes or pipelines to whichthe nipple leads. Thus for a so-called half inchline system it has been common practice to use half inch outside diameter metal tube WithuDIle half inch inside diameter hoseand with the inside di ameterofthe nippleand fittings corresponding to the insidediameterof the tubing as for, example 1.8,; "2%,; to 5-;- inch. Whenhigh pressures are em- ,ployed in such; systems the hose with its relatively. large inside diameter, required either stronger reinforcements or thicker walls to with- ;stand, thegreater disrupting pressures incident to thelarge inside diameter, which ,requiredin turnv a further increase-in outside diameter with a corresponding increase in (the size of the bodies ple might well be as little as at inch, and because of the Venturi eifect mentioned above the line loss at the junction of the inner surfaces of the nipple and the hose would be substantially negligible.

, With the reduction in inside diameter of the hose the wall thickness may be reduced because the gross bursting pressure is reduced, and the outside diameter of the hose will be more than correspondingly reduced. This in turn permits me to use a smaller body for my fitting. All of these things brin about as geometric functions savings in material both of hose and fitting and the corresponding savings in machine work and manufacturing costs. These things of course are additional to the savings in material and manufacturing costs of the body of the fitting per so by virtue of my novel method of making same as hereinabove described.

While I have illustrated and described preferred forms of my invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various variations, improvements and modifications therein may be made and enjoyed without departing from the spirit or precepts thereof, and I do not, therefore, wish to be limited to the particular or pre ferried forms or steps or many-manner other than by the claims appended hereto.

Having thus described my invention so that others skilled in the art may be able to understand and practice the same, I state thattwhat I desire to secure by Letters Patent is defined by what is claimed.

What I claim is: r

l. The method of making the body of a hose end fitting from polyangular bar stock, which 2 comprise boring an axial cavity of internal diameter less than the external diameter of the hose end to be received therein, turning down the external surface of said stock radially opposite the bottom zone of said cavity, taper threading the remaining exterior surface radially opposite the balance of said cavity, slotting the walls of said cavity substantially in the mid-portions of the flats of the polyangular surfaces substantially all the way to the bottom of said cavity,

- thickness over a limited axial extent, supporting said base portion against movement, divergently spreading said fingers, restraining the unreduced portions of the fingers against axial movement and thereafter simultaneously curvingoutwardly and stretching said reduced finger wall-portions while the latter are in engagement with a fixed abutment that is axially spaced from said base portion, to substantially restore the axial alignment of the major portions of said fingers.

1 3. The method of forming a quick attachable hose end comprising the steps of forming a fitting body having an axial bore therein, turning down an intermediate portion'of said-body, slotting said body from one end through said-turned clown portion to provide a circumferentially'continuous -bas portion and a plurality of fingers extending axially therefrom-with the portions of said fingers adjacent said base being of reduced 'w'all thickness'over a limited axial extent and having: a shoulder facing said base portion, supporting said fbase: portion against movement, divergently spreading said fingers, restraining the unreduced portions of the fingers against axial movement and thereafter simultaneously curvingr outwardly and stretching said reduced finger wall portionswith said shoulder in axial engagement with a fixed abutment that is axially spaced from said base portion, to substantially restore the axial alignment'of the major portions of said :finge'rs.

' 4. The method of making the body of a hose end fitting from polyangular bar stock, which comprises boring an axial cavity of internal diameter less than the external diameter of the hose end to be received therein, turning down the-external surface .of said stock radially opposite the bottom zone of said cavity, taper threading the remaining exterior surface from its free end up to a point adjacent to the turned down JOSEPH NORMAN PAQUIN.

REFERENCES CITED Thefollowing references are of record in the file of this patent:

I UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,181,089 White Apr. 25, 1916 1,468,601 Loughead Sept. 18, 1923 51 51,728,016 Staples Sept. 10, 1929 $2,034,644 Walsh Mar. 17,1936

2,248,969 Darling July 15, 1941 

